A terrestrial ecosystem refers to a land-based ecological community characterized by distinct vegetation, animals, and environmental conditions. These ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundras, exhibit unique interactions between living organisms and their physical environment. Factors such as climate, soil type, and topography shape the biodiversity and productivity within these ecosystems. Terrestrial ecosystems are vital for supporting life, providing resources such as food, materials, and ecological services like carbon storage and nutrient cycling, making their conservation essential for ecological balance.