Cellular differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells, like stem cells, develop into specialized cells with distinct functions. During this process, cells undergo various changes in gene expression, leading them to become specific cell types, such as muscle cells or neurons. This specialization is crucial for the development, growth, and maintenance of multicellular organisms, allowing for the division of labor among different cellular types. Understanding cellular differentiation is vital in fields such as developmental biology, regenerative medicine, and cancer research, as it can influence medical advancements.