The molecular formula for water is H₂O, indicating that each molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. This simple yet essential compound is vital for all known forms of life. Water exhibits unique properties such as high specific heat, cohesion, and adhesion due to its polar nature. These properties make water an effective solvent, enable temperature regulation, and allow for the formation of aquatic ecosystems. Its availability and quality are critical for both environmental health and human activities.