The name given to the process by which rocks break down into smaller pieces is called weathering. Weathering occurs through various mechanisms, including physical, chemical, and biological processes. Physical weathering involves the mechanical breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the mineral composition of rocks through reactions with water, acids, and other chemicals. Biological weathering occurs due to the actions of organisms, such as plant roots growing in cracks. Weathering is a crucial part of the rock cycle and significantly influences landscapes and soil development.