The enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of lactose is known as lactase. This enzyme helps in splitting lactose into its simpler sugars, glucose and galactose, which can then be absorbed by the body. Lactase is produced in the small intestine and is crucial for the digestion of dairy products. In individuals with lactose intolerance, the production of lactase is insufficient, leading to gastrointestinal discomfort upon consumption of lactose-containing foods. Understanding lactase's function is essential for managing dietary health, particularly for those affected by lactose intolerance.