The primary process involved in cellular metabolism is energy transformation. This encompasses two main pathways: catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism breaks down molecules, typically glucose, to release energy stored in their chemical bonds, primarily through processes like glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Conversely, anabolism utilizes this energy to build complex molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, necessary for cell growth and repair. Together, these metabolic processes are essential for maintaining the overall functionality and survival of living organisms.