The process of breaking down compounds through metabolic pathways is called catabolism. This component of metabolism involves the degradation of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy stored in chemical bonds. Catabolic pathways are crucial for providing energy necessary for various cellular processes, including growth, repair, and overall homeostasis. It contrasts with anabolism, which focuses on building complex molecules from simpler substrates. Together, these processes maintain the energy balance required for organism survival and function.