The process of evaporation is the transformation of a liquid into a vapor or gas. It occurs when molecules at the surface of a liquid gain sufficient energy, usually from heat, allowing them to overcome intermolecular forces and escape into the air as gas. Evaporation is a key part of the water cycle, as it contributes to the formation of clouds and precipitation. This process is influenced by several factors, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, and surface area. Understanding evaporation is important for studying climate patterns and water management strategies in various ecosystems.