The greenhouse effect occurs when the Earth's atmosphere absorbs and re-emits radiation from the sun. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat, preventing it from escaping into space. This leads to a warming effect, which is essential for maintaining life but is exacerbated by human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels. Increased concentrations of these gases contribute to global warming and climate change, causing shifts in weather patterns and ecological balance. Understanding this process is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate its impacts.