The scientific name for the process by which blood is filtered by the kidneys is glomerular filtration. In this process, blood passes through the glomeruli, where water, ions, and small molecules are filtered out, while larger molecules and cells are retained in the bloodstream. This filtration is the first step in urine formation and plays a vital role in maintaining the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance. Efficient glomerular filtration is crucial for proper kidney function and overall homeostasis.