The scientific study of how diseases spread and are controlled is called epidemiology. This field involves the analysis of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in populations. Epidemiologists investigate factors that contribute to disease outbreaks, such as environmental influences, genetic predispositions, and social determinants of health. They use statistical methods to monitor disease patterns and develop strategies for prevention and control. Understanding these dynamics is essential for public health planning, informing policy decisions, and effectively allocating resources to combat diseases and promote overall community health.