The scientific study of microorganisms is called microbiology. This field encompasses the examination of various microscopic entities, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Microbiologists explore the physiology, ecology, genetics, and taxonomy of these organisms to understand their roles in the environment, health, and disease. Research in microbiology also contributes to advancements in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and public health by elucidating the interactions between microorganisms and their hosts, leading to improvements in disease prevention and treatment strategies.