An earthquake wave is scientifically referred to as a seismic wave. These waves are produced by the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust due to tectonic plate movements. There are two main types of seismic waves: P-waves (primary waves) and S-waves (secondary waves), which travel through the Earth's interiors and surface, respectively. Understanding seismic waves is crucial for assessing the magnitude and impact of earthquakes on structures and the environment.