The study of rocks and the Earth’s structure is known as geology. This scientific discipline examines the composition, formation, and changes in the Earth’s materials over time. Geologists analyze rock layers, fossils, and mineral properties to understand geological processes such as erosion, volcanism, and plate tectonics. By studying geological formations, scientists gain insights into the Earth’s history, including the evolution of landscapes, climate changes, and the impact of natural phenomena on ecosystems. Geology is essential for resource exploration, environmental management, and understanding natural hazards.