The term for cycles that describe energy and nutrient flow through ecosystems is called biogeochemical cycles. These cycles illustrate how essential elements like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus circulate between the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. Through processes such as photosynthesis, decomposition, and respiration, these cycles ensure that ecosystems maintain productivity and balance. Understanding these cycles is crucial for ecology, conservation, and addressing environmental issues.