The non-living components of an ecosystem are referred to as abiotic factors. These elements include physical and chemical properties such as climate, water, soil, light, and minerals. Abiotic factors play a crucial role in shaping the structure and function of ecosystems, influencing species distribution, productivity, and community interactions. They interact with biotic components, such as plants and animals, affecting their survival and adaptations. Understanding abiotic factors is essential for studying ecosystems and their responses to environmental changes, including those driven by human activities.