The term for the study and classification of living organisms is taxonomy. This scientific discipline involves categorizing organisms into hierarchical groups based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships. Taxonomy includes the identification, naming, and classification of species, using a system that ranks organisms from broad categories such as Domain and Kingdom to more specific designations like Genus and Species. Through taxonomy, scientists can better understand and communicate about the diversity of life on Earth, making it fundamental to the field of biodiversity and conservation.