The term for the study of the distribution of rare and endangered species is conservation biology. This field focuses on understanding the factors that threaten biodiversity and devising strategies to protect and restore populations at risk of extinction. Conservation biology employs a variety of approaches, including field research, habitat restoration, and policy development, to address issues like habitat loss, overexploitation, and climate change impacts. By studying rare and endangered species, conservation biologists aim to preserve biodiversity, maintain ecosystem functionality, and promote sustainable practices for future generations.