The laws that govern the motion of objects are primarily encapsulated in Newton's Laws of Motion. The first law, or the law of inertia, states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. The second law defines the relation between force, mass, and acceleration, expressed in the formula F=ma. The third law posits that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. These fundamental laws help explain kinematics, dynamics, and the behavior of objects under various conditions.