The part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body is known as the axon. The axon is a long, threadlike structure that transmits electrical signals, called action potentials, to other neurons, muscles, or glands. Each neuron typically has one axon that may branch extensively, forming axon terminals to communicate with multiple targets. The axon is insulated by a fatty substance called myelin, which allows for faster signal transmission through saltatory conduction. This efficient communication is vital for the proper functioning of the nervous system.