The phenomenon that describes the alignment of particles within a magnetic field is known as magnetization. When magnetic materials are exposed to a magnetic field, their particles, such as electrons, align in the direction of the field, resulting in a net magnetic moment. This alignment can lead to various effects, including the enhancement of magnetic properties in materials and the generation of magnetic forces. The strength and direction of the applied magnetic field influence the degree of magnetization, which can be temporary or permanent depending on the material's characteristics.