The type of biology that focuses on the interactions between species is called ecology. Ecology investigates how organisms interact with one another and their environments, encompassing a wide range of relationships, from competition and predation to mutualism and commensalism. This field examines populations, communities, and ecosystems to understand biodiversity and species distributions. Ecological studies are crucial for addressing environmental challenges such as habitat loss, climate change, and conservation efforts. By uncovering the dynamics of species interactions, ecologists contribute to the sustainable management of natural resources and ecosystems.