The type of biome with the greatest diversity of species is the tropical rainforest. These biomes are characterized by high temperatures, abundant rainfall, and a complex structure that includes multiple layers of vegetation. The unique climatic conditions support an astonishing variety of plant and animal species, making them one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. Tropical rainforests are foundational for global ecosystems, influencing local and worldwide climate, and they play a critical role in carbon storage and oxygen production, making their conservation essential.