Thermal cameras operate by detecting infrared radiation emitted from objects rather than visible light, allowing them to create images based on heat signatures. They use sensor technology, often uncooled microbolometer sensors, which convert thermal energy into electrical signals that are processed into visual representations. These cameras are valuable in various applications, including building diagnostics, firefighting, and security surveillance. By visualizing heat patterns, thermal cameras help identify issues such as heat loss, overheating components, or individuals in low-light situations, enhancing safety and efficiency in numerous fields.