Web browsers render HTML pages by following a series of steps that transform raw code into a visual representation. Initially, the browser retrieves HTML content from the server and parses it to create a Document Object Model (DOM). Once the DOM is constructed, the browser applies CSS for styling and executes any JavaScript for interactive features. Finally, the browser renders the visual elements on the screen, creating an interactive user experience. This process ensures that users see a coherent and visually appealing web page.