Websites manage user authentication and authorization through a combination of techniques, including passwords, multi-factor authentication, and access control measures. During authentication, a user’s identity is verified via credentials, such as usernames and passwords. After successful authentication, authorization determines the user’s access rights, dictating what resources they can interact with. Session management is also critical for maintaining user states and ensuring that unauthorized users cannot access sensitive data. By implementing secure protocols and best practices, websites can effectively protect user information and safeguard against unauthorized access.