The 3D rendering process in computer graphics involves converting a 3D model into a 2D image using various techniques. Initially, a 3D scene is created, consisting of models, textures, lighting, and camera settings. Rendering engines then calculate how light interacts with these elements to produce a final image. This process may include rasterization for converting 3D elements to pixels, shading for determining color and brightness, and using special effects like reflections and shadows to enhance realism. The result is a visually compelling representation that can be used in films, games, or simulations.