The characteristics of responsive web design include flexible layouts, media queries, and adaptive images. These elements ensure that web pages adjust seamlessly to various screen sizes and orientations, providing an optimal viewing experience on devices like smartphones, tablets, and desktops. Responsive design enhances usability and accessibility by adjusting content and interface according to the user's device. Implementing responsive design can also improve SEO rankings as search engines favor mobile-friendly websites. Ultimately, it creates a consistent and user-friendly experience across all platforms.