Java and JavaScript are distinct programming languages with unique functionalities and purposes. Java is a general-purpose, object-oriented language used for developing standalone applications, server-side applications, and mobile apps through the Android platform. It operates on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), allowing cross-platform compatibility. In contrast, JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted scripting language commonly used for adding interactive elements to websites within web browsers. While Java is compiled, JavaScript is primarily executed in real-time within web pages. Despite their similar names, their applications and environments differ significantly.