The fundamentals of quantum computing involve the principles of quantum mechanics to process information. Unlike classical computing, which uses bits (0s and 1s), quantum computers use qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to superposition. This allows quantum computers to perform complex calculations significantly faster than traditional computers. Moreover, quantum entanglement enables qubits to be linked, providing unprecedented computational power for specific problems, such as cryptography and optimization, potentially revolutionizing fields like drug discovery and material science.