Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is the communication technology that underpins Internet telephony. It enables voice communication over the Internet by converting analog voice signals into digital packets. This allows users to make calls from their devices, bypassing traditional phone networks. VoIP systems utilize protocols like SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) for establishing and managing calls. The technology is widely adopted for both personal and business communications due to its cost-effectiveness and flexibility, allowing for features like video conferencing and messaging integrated within the same platform.