The component typically referred to as the ‘brain’ of the computer is the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU executes instructions from programs and coordinates the activities of other hardware components. It performs basic arithmetic and logic operations, receives input from memory, and processes data. The processing power of a CPU is often measured in gigahertz (GHz), influencing the speed and efficiency of computations. Modern CPUs may have multiple cores, allowing for parallel processing, which significantly enhances overall system performance in various applications.