'E-commerce' encompasses a wide range of online business activities that facilitate buying and selling of products or services. It includes various models such as B2C (business-to-consumer), B2B (business-to-business), and C2C (consumer-to-consumer) transactions. Key components of e-commerce involve online storefronts, payment processing, and customer relationship management. The technology supporting e-commerce platforms ensures secure transactions through encryption and fraud protection measures. E-commerce has transformed the retail landscape, making shopping more convenient for consumers and providing businesses with global reach and scalability.