"E-waste" refers to electronic waste, which includes discarded electrical or electronic devices. This encompasses everything from old computers and smartphones to household appliances like microwaves. With rapid technological advancements, the volume of e-waste is increasing, posing significant environmental and health risks due to improper disposal. Components like batteries may contain harmful substances such as lead and mercury, which can leach into soil and water. Responsible recycling and proper disposal are essential to mitigate the negative impacts of e-waste, as it can also recover valuable materials, promoting a more sustainable approach to electronic product lifecycles.