A technology is described as “disruptive” when it significantly alters or displaces existing markets and technologies. Disruptive innovations often introduce new business models or products that make previous technologies or methods obsolete. They tend to start at the lower end of the market, initially appealing to a niche audience before eventually impacting broader markets. Examples include the internet, which transformed communication, and streaming services, which revolutionized how media is consumed. Disruptive technologies can lead to substantial shifts in industry practices and consumer behavior.