Developing Internet of Things (IoT) applications poses a significant challenge related to interoperability. This is due to the diverse range of devices, protocols, and platforms involved. Ensuring seamless communication and compatibility among various IoT devices is crucial for successful deployment. Additionally, focusing on security and data integrity is essential as vulnerabilities can lead to breaches, affecting user trust and system functionality. Balancing resource constraints with robust performance is another hurdle developers face, necessitating innovative approaches to scalability and management.