An algorithm plays a critical role in a computer program as a step-by-step procedure for solving problems or performing tasks. Algorithms define the logical sequence necessary to process data, make decisions, and produce outputs based on given inputs. They are the foundation for developing efficient and effective software, influencing performance and resource utilization. Well-designed algorithms can improve speed, accuracy, and functionality, making them essential for tasks ranging from simple calculations to complex data processing. Creatively applying different algorithms allows developers to optimize solutions and deliver enhanced user experiences in their applications.