The key principle behind network function virtualization (NFV) is to decouple network services from proprietary hardware appliances, enabling them to run as software on standard hardware. This transformation allows for greater flexibility, scalability, and efficiency in deploying network services. NFV facilitates the dynamic allocation of resources, meaning service providers can quickly adapt to changing demands. Additionally, it reduces capital and operational expenses by minimizing reliance on expensive, specialized equipment. Overall, NFV promotes a more agile and cost-effective networking environment, aligning well with the increasing needs for service agility and innovation.