The purpose of network segmentation in cybersecurity is to enhance security and performance by dividing a larger network into smaller, manageable segments. This strategy limits access to sensitive data and systems, minimizing the potential impact of security breaches. By isolating segments, organizations can enforce stricter security policies tailored to specific segments, reducing the attack surface and impeding lateral movement by malicious actors. Network segmentation also improves overall traffic management and network performance, allowing for better monitoring and control of network resources.