The purpose of the HTTP protocol in web technology is to facilitate communication between a client (usually a web browser) and a server. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, allowing clients to request resources, such as web pages or images, from servers. HTTP operates as a stateless protocol, meaning each request from a client is treated independently. This protocol has evolved, with HTTPS (HTTP Secure) providing an added layer of security through encryption, essential for protecting user data in online transactions.