The purpose of the SSL protocol (Secure Sockets Layer) is to provide a secure channel for communication over a computer network. It encrypts data transmitted between a user's browser and a web server, ensuring that sensitive information—like login credentials and payment details—remains confidential. SSL establishes an authentic connection through the use of certificates, which verify the identity of the server. While SSL has been largely replaced by TLS (Transport Layer Security), the term "SSL" is still commonly used when referring to this essential component of internet security.