The role of a technology stack in project development is to provide a structured framework that guides the integration of various software components and technologies. A well-defined stack typically includes layers such as the front-end, back-end, database, and server technologies. This organized approach facilitates efficient communication between components and enhances scalability and maintainability. It allows teams to specialize and select the best tools for each part of the project, leading to optimized performance and effective collaboration among development teams.