The kind of malware that encrypts files and demands ransom for decryption is known as ransomware. This malicious software infiltrates a computer system, locks files, and then presents the victim with a ransom note, demanding payment, usually in cryptocurrency, in exchange for the decryption key. Ransomware attacks can have devastating consequences for individuals and organizations, often leading to data loss, operational disruptions, and significant financial costs. Prevention strategies, including software updates and regular backups, are crucial in combating ransomware threats.