The most commonly used language for game development is C++, due to its performance efficiency and control over system resources. It allows developers to create complex game mechanics, high-quality graphics, and real-time processing. Other popular programming languages include C#, often used in conjunction with the Unity engine, and JavaScript for web-based games. These languages enable developers to build cross-platform games and leverage extensive libraries and frameworks to streamline development. The choice of language can influence a game's performance, scalability, and overall player experience.