The programming language known for its use in web development and automation tasks is JavaScript. It is a versatile, high-level scripting language that enables developers to create dynamic and interactive web applications. JavaScript is essential for front-end development, allowing for user interface enhancements and real-time content updates without the need for page reloads. Additionally, with the rise of platforms like Node.js, JavaScript has become increasingly popular for backend development, making it a foundational language in the world of web development.