Essential technologies for creating virtual private networks (VPNs) include encryption protocols, such as OpenVPN and IPSec, which secure data transmitted over the internet. VPNs also rely on tunneling protocols to encapsulate data and route it through secure channels. Additionally, authentication mechanisms, like usernames/passwords or multi-factor authentication, ensure that only authorized users can access the network. These technologies collectively enhance security and privacy, allowing users to browse the internet or access organizational resources safely.