Vertical farming leverages various technologies to optimize food production in urban environments. Key technologies include hydroponics, aeroponics, and controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Hydroponics involves growing plants in nutrient-rich water, while aeroponics uses mist to deliver nutrients while reducing water usage. Sensors and automation systems monitor and optimize variables such as temperature, humidity, and light. This integration of IoT technology enables efficient resource use while yielding high crop production. Employing these methods, vertical farms can provide fresh produce year-round, regardless of outdoor conditions.