Technologies such as WebRTC and Socket.io are utilized for real-time communication in applications. WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) enables peer-to-peer audio and video sharing within web browsers without needing additional plugins. Socket.io facilitates real-time bi-directional communication between clients and servers, enabling instant messaging and notifications. Both technologies are essential for developing interactive applications like video conferencing, live chat, and collaborative tools. Their ability to support real-time interactions is crucial for enhancing user engagement and providing a seamless experience.