The technology that provides cloud-based infrastructure as a service (IaaS) includes platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform. IaaS enables businesses to access and manage virtualized computing resources, such as servers, storage, and networking, over the internet. This eliminates the need for physical hardware investments and offers scalability according to demand, allowing organizations to quickly adapt to changing business needs. IaaS plays a crucial role in cloud computing, enabling cost-effective, flexible, and reliable IT solutions for modern businesses.