The technology underlying smart grid systems includes IoT (Internet of Things), big data analytics, and advanced metering infrastructure. These technologies enable the continuous collection and analysis of energy consumption data, facilitating real-time monitoring and management of energy resources. Smart meters are essential components, allowing for two-way communication between utility providers and customers. This interplay enhances grid efficiency and reliability while supporting the integration of renewable energy sources. Additionally, communication networks secure data transmission, providing insights for optimizing energy distribution and reducing outages, which ultimately leads to a more sustainable energy system.